Which component contributes to the structural integrity of oak wood?

The component that contributes to the structural integrity of oak wood is the polyphenolic compounds. These compounds, primarily found in the cell walls of plants, improve the strength and stability of wood by reinforcing the structure at a molecular level. Polyphenols provide resistance to decay and prevent damage from various environmental factors such as humidity and pests, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the wood's integrity over time.

In the context of oak wood, these polyphenolic compounds, including tannins, also contribute to the distinctive flavors they impart when used in aging spirits. This characteristic is one of the reasons oak is a popular choice for barrels in the production of wines and spirits. While fibers also play a role in the physical structure of wood, it is primarily the polyphenolic compounds that enhance its overall durability and resistance to breakdown.